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- Network Working Group W. Edmond
- Request for Comments: 1221 BBN
- Updates: RFC 907 April 1991
-
-
- Host Access Protocol (HAP) Specification - Version 2
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo describes the Host Access Protocol implemented in the
- Terrestrial Wideband Network (TWBNET). It obsoletes most but not all
- of RFC 907. This memo provides information for the Internet
- community. It does not specify an Internet standard. Distribution
- of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Preface
-
- This memo specifies the Host Access Protocol (HAP). HAP is a Network
- layer (OSI Layer 3 lower) access protocol that was first implemented
- about a decade ago for the DARPA/DCA sponsored Wideband Packet
- Satellite Network (WBNET), the precursor of the current Terrestrial
- Wideband Network (TWBNET). This version of the specification
- obsoletes references [1] and [2] in addition to most of RFC 907.
-
- HAP is a developmental protocol, and will be revised as new
- capabilities are added and unused features are eliminated or revised.
- One reason that HAP is being revised now is that, unlike the original
- WBNET's satellite channel, the TWBNET's T1 fiber links are not a
- broadcast medium. This has prompted some changes to the protocol
- that will permit greater efficiency in a mesh topology network.
- Another cause of revision is the need to make HAP able to support a
- variety of OSI layer 3 upper protocols, such as DECNET Phase V, ST,
- and CLNP, where before only Internet Protocol (IP) was used.
- Appendix B describes how backward compatibility with the older IP-
- only version of HAP is achieved. A third cause of protocol changes
- is the desire to simplify interaction between ST2 protocol (RFC 1190)
- agents and the TWBNET. This has mainly affected the way certain
- setup errors are handled. These changes are expected to be backward
- compatible. Appendix A describes two capabilities that may be added
- to HAP in the future.
-
- One of the protocol enhancements, "Group Streams", described in
- reference [2] has been eliminated. There are no known applications
- that use the feature. As described in Appendix A, a new mechanism,
- to be called "shared streams", capable of providing equivalent
- capabilities will be implemented if needed. Changes in [2] that have
- been retained include various query/reply control messages that
- permit a host to determine what resources it owns (mostly useful for
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- cleanup following a host reboot or crash).
-
- This document assumes the reader is familiar with DoD internetworking
- terminology.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- The Host Access Protocol (HAP) is a network layer protocol (as is
- X.25). ("Network layer" here means ISO layer 3 lower, the protocol
- layer below the DoD Internet Protocol (IP) layer [3] and above any
- link layer protocol.) HAP defines the different types of host-to-
- network control messages and host-to-host data messages that may be
- exchanged over the access link connecting a host and the network
- packet switch node. The protocol establishes formats for these
- messages, and describes procedures for determining when each type of
- message should be transmitted and what it means when one is received.
-
- HAP has been implemented in the wide-area network called the
- Terrestrial Wideband Network (TWBNET) [5] and in the routers and
- other hosts that connect to TWBNET. The packet switch nodes that
- compose the TWBNET are called Wideband Packet Switches (WPS).
-
- Both the precursor to HAP, the Host/SATNET Protocol [6], used in the
- Atlantic Packet Satellite Network (SATNET) and the Mobile Access
- Terminal Network (MATNET [7]), and HAP, used in the original Wideband
- Satellite Network (WBNET) [8], were originally designed to provide
- efficient access to the single satellite channel each network used to
- connect all sites. The HAP protocol designers reflected some of the
- peculiarities of the single satellite channel environment in the HAP
- protocol itself. The current Terrestrial Wideband Network (TWBNET)
- utilizes T1-speed fiber connections between sites. Future networks
- and TWBNET may use a combination of terrestrial connections and
- satellite connections, and may have more than one of each. The HAP
- protocol has been changed to accommodate these extensions.
-
- Section 2 presents an overview of HAP. Details of HAP formats and
- message exchange procedures are contained in Sections 3 through 10.
- Further explanation of some of the topics addressed in this HAP
- specification can be found in reference [1].
-
- Any protocol employed to provide sufficiently reliable message
- exchange over the Host-WPS link is assumed to be transparent to the
- protocol defined in this document. Examples of such link-level
- protocols are ARPANET 1822 local and distant host [9], ARPANET VDH
- protocol [9], and HDLC.
-
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- 2. Overview
-
- HAP can be characterized as a full duplex, nonreliable protocol with
- an optional flow control mechanism. HAP messages flow simultaneously
- in both directions between the WPS and the host. Transmission is
- nonreliable in the sense that the protocol does not provide any
- guarantee of error-free sequenced delivery. If error-free delivery
- on the host's access link is required, it must be provided by the
- link layer protocol below HAP. (Use of link layer protocols for this
- purpose is not within the scope of this document.) HAP's flow
- control mechanism operates independently in each direction, but the
- choice to enable flow control or not applies to both directions
- together.
-
- HAP supports host-to-host communication in two modes corresponding to
- the two types of HAP data messages, datagram messages and stream
- messages. Each type of message can be up to 2048 octets in length.
- The basic transmission service in the network is datagram service.
- Datagrams are variable length, unsequenced, independent, and delivery
- is not guaranteed. The HAP header of each datagram determines the
- processing of the message.
-
- On this datagram service base a "stream" service is built. Stream
- service provides network bandwidth guarantees, but requires explicit
- setup and teardown operations to allocate and deallocate network
- resources. Stream traffic is best suited for continuous media
- traffic, but may also be used to obtain the lowest possible network
- delay. Host streams are established by a setup message exchange
- between the host and the network prior to the commencement of data
- flow. Although established host streams can have their
- characteristics modified by subsequent setup messages while they are
- in use, the fixed allocation properties of streams relative to
- datagrams impose rather strict requirements on the source of the
- traffic using the stream. Stream traffic arrivals must match the
- stream allocation both in interarrival time and message size if
- reasonable efficiency is to be achieved. The characteristics and use
- of datagrams and streams are described in detail in Sections 3 and 4
- of this document.
-
- Both datagram and stream transmission in the network use logical
- addressing. Each host on the network is assigned a permanent 16-bit
- logical address which is independent of the physical port on the WPS
- to which it is attached. These 16-bit logical addresses are present
- in all Host-to-WPS and WPS-to-Host data messages.
-
- HAP supports multicast addressing via "groups". Multicast addressing
- is provided primarily to support the multi-destination delivery
- required for conferencing applications. Group addresses are
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- dynamically created and deleted by the use of setup messages
- exchanged between a host and the WPS. Membership in a group may be
- any arbitrary subset of the network hosts. A message addressed to a
- group address is delivered to all hosts that are members of that
- group, except the sender. Once a multicast address has been created,
- any member host may use that address, not just the creator.
-
- Although HAP does not guarantee error-free delivery, error control is
- an important aspect of the protocol design. HAP error control is
- concerned with both local transfers between a host and its local WPS
- and transfers through the network to the destination(s). The WPS
- offers users a choice of network error protection options based on
- the network's ability to selectively send messages over its
- transmission media at different forward error correction (FEC) rates.
- These FEC options are referred to as reliability levels. Four
- reliability levels (low, medium-low, medium-high, and high) are
- available. The precise error rate provided by each reliability level
- is not specified.
-
- Various checksum and CRC mechanisms are employed in the network to
- provide an error detection capability. A host has an opportunity
- when sending a message to indicate whether the message should be
- delivered to its destination or discarded if a data error is detected
- by the network. Each message received by a host from the network
- will have a flag indicating whether or not an error was detected in
- that particular message. A host can decide on a per-message basis
- whether or not it wants to accept or discard transmissions containing
- data errors.
-
- For connection of a host and WPS in close proximity, error rates due
- to external noise or hardware failures on the access circuit may
- reasonably be expected to be much smaller than the best network trunk
- circuit error rates. Thus for this case, little is gained by using
- error detection and retransmission on the access circuit. A 16-bit
- header checksum is provided, however, to ensure that WPSen do not act
- on incorrect control information. For relatively long distances or
- noisy connections, retransmissions over the access circuit may be
- required to optimize performance for both low and high reliability
- traffic. It is expected that link layer error control procedures
- (such as HDLC with retransmission) will be used for this purpose, but
- use of a reliable link layer protocol is not within the scope of this
- document.
-
- Each datagram message submitted to the WPS by a host is marked as
- being in one of three priority classes, from priority 2 (highest)
- through priority 0 (lowest). The priority class is used by the WPS
- for arbitrating contention for scarce network resources (e.g., link
- bandwidth). That is, if the network cannot deliver all of the
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- offered messages, high priority messages will be delivered in
- preference to low priority messages. Priority level affects the
- order of access to intersite link bandwidth and the order of message
- delivery at the destination WPS.
-
- Each stream message also has three priority classes, from priority 2
- (highest) through priority 0 (lowest). In addition, streams
- themselves have three precedence classes, from precedence 2 (highest)
- through precedence 0. A stream of higher precedence can preempt a
- stream of lower precedence at setup time. Stream message priority
- provides a mechanism for a low-bandwidth host to receive a high-
- bandwidth stream and selectively discard messages marked as less
- important by the sender. Stream message priority does not affect the
- order of delivery of stream messages between the source and the
- destination.
-
- Datagram and stream messages being presented to the WPS by a host may
- not be accepted for a number of reasons: priority too low,
- destination dead, lack of buffers in the source WPS, etc. The host
- faces a similar situation with respect to handling messages from the
- WPS. To permit the receiver of a message to inform the sender of the
- local disposition of its message, an acceptance/refusal (A/R)
- mechanism is implemented. The mechanism is the external
- manifestation of the WPS's (or host's) internal flow and congestion
- control algorithm. If A/Rs are enabled, an explicit or implicit
- acceptance or refusal for each message is returned to the host by the
- WPS (and conversely). This allows the host (or WPS) to retry refused
- messages at its discretion and can provide information useful for
- optimizing the sending of subsequent messages when the reason for
- refusals is also provided. The A/R mechanism can be disabled to
- provide a "pure discard" interface. The host's choice to use the A/R
- mechanism or not does not limit its ability to send and receive
- messages to any other hosts.
-
- While the A/R mechanism allows control of individual message
- transfers, it does not facilitate regulation of priority flows. Such
- regulation is handled by passing advisory status information (GOPRI)
- across the Host-WPS interface indicating which priorities are
- currently being accepted. As long as this information, relative to
- the change in priority status, is passed frequently, the sender can
- avoid originating messages which are sure to be refused.
-
- HAP defines both data messages (datagram messages and stream
- messages) and link control messages. Data messages are used to send
- information between hosts on the network. Link control messages are
- exchanged between a host and the WPS to manage the local access link.
-
- Allocation of network resources, such as streams and groups, is
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- accomplished via an exchange of datagram messages, called Setups,
- between the user host and an agent inside the WPS called the "Service
- Agent." Setups are used to reserve, allocate, modify, free, and
- deallocate network resources. Each allocated resource has a unique
- identifier which, when placed in an appropriate field in a message
- header, allows that message to use the resource. E.g., after an
- exchange of Setups to create a group address, a message may be sent
- to the group by placing the group address in the destination field of
- that message. The Service Agent also permits a host to inquire about
- resources it owns.
-
- Every HAP message consists of an integral number of 16-bit words
- (i.e., an even number of octets). The first several words of the
- message always contain control information and are referred to as the
- message header. The first word of the message header identifies the
- type of message which follows. The second word of the message header
- is a checksum which covers all header information. Any message whose
- received header checksum does not match the checksum computed on the
- received header information must be discarded. The format of the
- rest of the header depends on the specific message type.
-
- The formats and use of the individual message types are detailed in
- the following sections. A common format description is used for this
- purpose. Words in a message are numbered starting at zero (i.e.,
- zero is the first word of a message header). Bits within a word are
- numbered from zero (most significant) to fifteen (least significant).
- The notation used to identify a particular field location is:
-
- <WORD#>{-<WORD#>} [ <BIT#>{-<BIT#>} ] <description>
-
- where optional elements in {} are used to specify the (inclusive)
- upper limit of a range. The reader should refer to these field
- identifiers for precise field size specifications. Fields which are
- common to several message types are defined in the first section
- which uses them. Only the name of the field will usually appear in
- the descriptions in subsequent sections.
-
- Link-level protocols used to support HAP can differ in the order in
- which they transmit the bits constituting HAP messages. The words of
- the message are transmitted from word 0 to word N.
-
- 3. Datagram Messages
-
- Datagrams are one of the two message types provided by HAP, as
- described in the previous section. Because network resources are not
- reserved in advance for datagram traffic, delivery of datagram
- traffic is subject to greater delivery delays and delay variance than
- stream traffic, and is subject to flow and congestion controls.
-
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- Datagram priority determines which packets are delivered or discarded
- when network resources do not permit handling all of the presented
- traffic. It is expected that datagram messages will be used to
- support the majority of computer-to-computer and terminal-to-computer
- traffic which is bursty in nature.
-
- The format of datagram messages and the purpose of each of the header
- control fields is described in Figure 1.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 0|LB|GOPRI| 0 | F| MESSAGE NUMBER |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | A/R |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 3 | 0|IL| D| E| PRI | TTL | RLY | RLEN |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 4 | DESTINATION HOST ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 5 | SOURCE HOST ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 6 | PROTOCOL ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- 7-N : DATA :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- DATAGRAM MESSAGE
- Figure 1
-
-
-
- 0[0] Message Class. This bit identifies the message as a
- data message or a control message.
-
- 0 = Data Message
- 1 = Control Message
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator. This bit allows the sender of a
- message to determine if its own messages are being
- looped back. The host and the WPS each use different
- settings of this bit for their transmissions. If a
- message arrives with the loopback bit set equal to its
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- outgoing value, then the message has been looped.
-
- 0 = Sent by Host
- 1 = Sent by WPS
-
- 0[2-3] Go-Priority. In WPS-to-Host messages, this field
- provides advisory information concerning the lowest
- priority currently being accepted by the WPS. The host
- may optionally choose to provide similar priority
- information to the WPS.
-
- 0 = Low Priority
- 1 = Medium Priority
- 2 = High Priority
- 3 = (Reserved.)
-
- 0[4-6] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[7] Reserved. Must be zero. Formerly used for WPS
- diagnostic purposes.
-
- 0[8-15] Message Number. This field contains the identification
- of the message used by the acceptance/refusal (A/R)
- mechanism (when enabled). If the message number is
- zero, A/R is disabled for this specific message. See
- Section 5 for a detailed description of the A/R
- mechanism.
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of
- the 2's-complement sum of words 0-6 (excluding the
- checksum word itself).
-
- 2[0-15] Piggybacked A/R. This field may contain an
- acceptance/refusal word providing A/R status on traffic
- flowing in the opposite direction. Its inclusion may
- eliminate the need for a separate A/R control message
- (see Section 5). A value of zero for this word is used
- to indicate that no piggybacked A/R information is
- present.
-
- 3[0] Data Message Type. This bit identifies whether the
- message is a datagram message or a stream message.
-
- 0 = Datagram Message
- 1 = Stream Message
-
- 3[1] IL flag. Obsolete. Must be zero. (See Appendix B.)
-
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- 3[2] Discard Flag. This flag allows a source host to
- instruct the network (including the destination host)
- what to do with the message when data errors are
- detected (assuming the header checksum is correct).
-
- 0 = Discard message if data errors detected.
- 1 = Don't discard message if data errors detected.
-
- The value of this flag, set by the source host, is
- passed on to the destination host.
-
- 3[3] Data Error Flag. This flag is used in conjunction with
- the Discard Flag to indicate to the destination host
- whether any data errors have been detected in the
- message prior to transmission over the destination's
- WPS-to-Host access link. It is used only if Discard
- Flag = 1. It should be set to zero by the source host.
-
- 0 = No Data Errors Detected
- 1 = Data Errors Detected
-
- 3[4-5] Priority. The source host uses this field to specify
- the priority with which the message should be handled
- within the network.
-
- 0 = Low Priority
- 1 = Medium Priority
- 2 = High Priority
- 3 = (Reserved.)
-
- The priority of each message is passed to the
- destination host by the destination WPS.
-
- 3[6-7] Time-to-Live Designator. The source host uses this
- field to specify the maximum time that a message should
- be allowed to exist within the network before being
- deleted. Elapsed time begins when the message has been
- received by the WPS from the source host (or is sent by
- a WPS agent) and is last checked when the message is
- queued for transmission out the I/O interface to the
- destination host. If a message is multicast, each copy
- is treated separately.
-
- 0 = 1 seconds
- 1 = 2 seconds
- 2 = 5 seconds
- 3 = 10 seconds
-
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- 3[8-9] Reliability. The source host uses this field to
- specify the basic bit error rate requirement for the
- data portion of this message. The source WPS uses this
- field to determine the trunk circuit transmission
- parameters and forward error correction level required
- to provide that bit error rate.
-
- 0 = Low Reliability
- 1 = Medium-Low Reliability
- 2 = Medium-High Reliability
- 3 = High Reliability
-
- 3[10-15] Reliability Length. The source host uses this field to
- specify a portion of the user data which should be
- transmitted at the highest reliability level (lowest
- bit error rate). Both the HAP message header words and
- the first 2*<Reliability Length> octets of user data
- will be transmitted at high reliability while the
- remainder of the user data will be transmitted at
- whatever reliability level is specified in field 3[8-
- 9]. The reliability length mechanism gives the user
- the ability to transmit private header information
- (e.g., IP and TCP headers) at a higher reliability
- level than the remainder of the data.
-
- 4[0-15] Destination Host Address. This field contains the
- network logical address of the destination host.
-
- 5[0-15] Source Host Address. This field contains the network
- logical address of the source host.
-
- 6[0-15] Protocol ID. This field specifies the next higher
- level protocol. Protocol identifiers are assigned
- administratively, except 0 which is reserved, and are
- not part of this specification. See reference [10].
-
- 7-N Data. This field contains up to 16,384 bits (2048
- octets) of user data, and must be an even number of
- octets.
-
- 4. Stream Messages
-
- Stream messages are the second message type provided by HAP, as
- described in Section 2. Streams provide guaranteed bandwidth between
- the source and destination(s), and provide the minimum delivery delay
- and delay variance available in the network. Streams are suitable
- for volatile traffic, such as speech, and for support of high duty
- cycle applications that require throughput guarantees.
-
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- Streams must be created before stream messages can flow from host to
- host. The protocol to accomplish stream creation is described in
- Section 6.1. Once established, a stream is allocated specific
- network resources, such as bandwidth. Within the bounds of its
- stream allocation, a host is permitted considerable flexibility in
- how it may use the stream. Although the time to live, reliability,
- and reliability length of each stream message is fixed at stream
- setup time, the destination logical address can vary from stream
- message to stream message.
-
- A host can, therefore, multiplex a variety of logical flows onto a
- single stream, as long as the stream was set up to reach all the
- destination hosts. The format of stream messages is described in
- Figure 2.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 0|LB|GOPRI| 0 | MESSAGE NUMBER |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | A/R |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 3 | 1|IL| D| E| PRI | HOST STREAM ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 4 | DESTINATION HOST ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 5 | SOURCE HOST ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 6 | PROTOCOL ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- 7-N : DATA :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- STREAM MESSAGE
- Figure 2
-
-
-
- 0[0] Message Class = 0 (Data Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-3] Go-Priority.
-
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- 0[4-7] Reserved.
-
- 0[8-15] Message Number. This field serves the same purpose as
- the message number field in the datagram message.
- Moreover, a single message number sequence is used for
- both datagram and stream messages (see Section 5).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. (See datagram checksum for
- description.)
-
- 2[0-15] Piggybacked A/R.
-
- 3[0] Data Message Type = 1 (Stream).
-
- 3[1] IL flag. Obsolete. Must be zero.
-
- 3[2] Discard Flag.
-
- 3[3] Data Error Flag.
-
- 3[4-5] Stream message priority. Note that all stream messages
- have priority over any datagram message. Priority will
- not affect the order of stream message delivery.
-
- 0 = Low priority
- 1 = Medium priority
- 2 = High priority
- 3 = Reserved
-
- 3[6-15] Stream ID. The WPS uses this field to identify the
- preallocated network resources (bandwidth allocations,
- queues, buffers, etc.) to use for delivery of the
- message. Streams and their identifying numbers (stream
- IDs) are established by an explicit Create Stream
- request (see Section 6.1).
-
- 4[0-15] Destination Host Address.
-
- 5[0-15] Source Host Address.
-
- 6[0-15] Protocol ID.
-
- 7-N Data. This field contains up to 16,384 bits (2048
- octets) of user data, and must be an even number of
- octets.
-
-
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- 5. Flow Control Messages
-
- The WPS supports an acceptance/refusal (A/R) mechanism in each
- direction on the host access link. The A/R mechanism is enabled for
- the link by the host by setting a bit in the Restart Complete control
- message (see Section 8). Each datagram and stream message contains
- an 8-bit message number used to identify the message for flow control
- purposes. When the A/R mechanism is enabled, the message number is
- incremented modulo 256 in successive messages, skipping over message
- number zero (zero indicates that A/R's are disabled for that
- message). Up to 127 messages may be outstanding (awaiting acceptance
- or refusal) in each direction. If the receiver of a message is
- unable to accept the message, a refusal indication containing the
- message number of the refused message and the reason for the refusal
- is returned. The refusal indication may be piggybacked on data
- messages in the opposite direction over the link or may be sent in a
- separate control message in the absence of reverse data traffic.
-
- Acceptance indications are returned in a similar manner, either
- piggybacked on data messages or in a separate control message. An
- acceptance is returned by the receiver to indicate that the
- identified message was received from the host access link and was not
- refused. Acceptance indications returned by the WPS are not an end-
- to-end acknowledgement and do not imply any guarantee of delivery to
- the destination host(s), or even any assurance that the message will
- not be intentionally discarded by the network. They are sent
- primarily to facilitate buffer management in the host.
-
- To reduce the number of A/R messages exchanged, a single A/R
- indication can be returned for multiple (lower numbered) previously
- unacknowledged messages. Explicit acceptance of message number N
- implies implicit acceptance of outstanding messages with numbers N-1,
- N-2, etc., according to the definition of acceptance outlined above.
- Analogous interpretation of the refusal message number allows the
- receiver of a group of messages to reject them as a group when they
- all are being refused for the same reason. As a further efficiency
- measure, HAP permits aggregation of any mix of A/R indications into a
- single A/R control message. Such a message might be used, for
- example, to reject a group of messages where the refusal code on each
- is different.
-
- In some circumstances the overhead associated with processing A/R
- messages may prove unattractive. For these cases, it is possible to
- disable the A/R mechanism and operate the HAP interface in a purely
- discard mode. The ability to effect this on a link basis has already
- been noted (see Sections 2 and 8). In addition, messages with
- sequence number zero are taken as messages for which the A/R
- mechanism is selectively disabled. To permit critical feedback, even
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 13]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- when operating in discard mode, HAP defines an "Unnumbered Response"
- control message. Flow control information, and other information
- which cannot be sent as an A/R indication, is sent in an Unnumbered
- Response control message. The format of this type of message is
- illustrated in Figure 5.
-
- The format shown in Figure 3 is used both for A/R indications that
- are piggybacked on data messages (word 2), and for aggregated A/R
- information in A/R control messages. The format of A/R control
- messages is shown in Figure 4.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- |AR| REFUSAL CODE | A/R MESSAGE NUMBER |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- ACCEPTANCE/REFUSAL WORD
- Figure 3
-
-
-
- [0] Acceptance/Refusal Type. This field identifies whether
- A/R information is an acceptance or a refusal.
-
- 0 = Acceptance
- 1 = Refusal
-
- [1-7] Refusal Code. When the Acceptance/Refusal Type = 1,
- this field gives the Refusal Code.
-
- 0 = Priority not being accepted
- 1 = Source WPS congestion
- 2 = Destination WPS congestion
- 3 = Destination host dead
- 4 = Destination WPS dead
- 5 = Illegal destination host address
- 6 = Destination host access not allowed
- 7 = Illegal source host address
- 8 = Message lost in access link
- 9 = Invalid stream ID
- 10 = Illegal source host for stream ID
- 11 = Message length too long
- 12 = Stream message too early
- 13 = Illegal control message type
- 14 = Illegal refusal code in A/R
- 15 = Can't implement loop
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 14]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 16 = Destination host congestion
- 17 = Delivery refused
- 18 = Odd byte length packet (not allowed)
- 19 = Invalid stream time-to-live value
- 20 = "Reliability length" exceeds message length
-
- [8-15] A/R Message Number. This field contains the number of
- the message to which this acceptance/refusal refers.
- It also applies to all outstanding messages with
- earlier numbers. Note that this field can never be
- zero since a message number of zero implies that the
- A/R mechanism is disabled.
-
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 1|LB|GOPRI| 0 | LENGTH | 1 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- 2-N : A/R's :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- ACCEPTANCE/REFUSAL MESSAGE
- Figure 4
-
-
-
- 0[0] Message Class = 1 (Control Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-3] Go-Priority.
-
- 0[4-7] Reserved.
-
- 0[8-11] Message Length. This field contains the total length
- of this message in words (N+1).
-
- 0[12-15] Control Message Type = 1 (Acceptance/Refusal).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of
- the 2's-complement sum of words 0-N (excluding the
- checksum word itself).
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 15]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 2[0-15] Acceptance/Refusal Word.
-
- 3-N Additional Acceptance/Refusal Words (optional).
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 1|LB|GOPRI| 0 | RES-CODE | 5 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | RESPONSE INFO |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 3 | RESPONSE INFO |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- UNNUMBERED RESPONSE
- Figure 5
-
-
-
- 0[0] Message Class = 1 (Control Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-3] Go-Priority.
-
- 0[4-7] Reserved.
-
- 0[8-11] Response Code.
-
- 3 = Destination unreachable
- 5 = Illegal destination host address
- 7 = Illegal source host address
- 9 = Nonexistent stream ID
- 10 = Illegal stream ID
- 13 = Protocol violation
- 15 = Can't implement loop
-
- 0[12-15] Control Message Type = 5 (Unnumbered Response).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of
- the 2's-complement sum of words 0-3 (excluding the
- checksum word itself).
-
- 2[0-15] Response Information. If Response Code is:
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 16]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 3: Destination Host Address
- 5: Destination Host Address
- 7: Source Host Address
- 9: Stream ID (right justified)
- 10: Stream ID (right justified)
- 13: Word 0 of offending message
- 15: Word 0 of Loopback Request message
-
- 3[0-15] Response Information. If Response Code is:
-
- 3,5,7, or 9: Undefined
- 10: Source Host Address
- 13: Word 3 of offending message, or 0 if no word 3
- 15: Word 2 of Loopback Request message
-
- 6. The Service Agent
-
- Allocation of network resources, such as streams and groups, is
- accomplished via an exchange of datagram messages, called Setup
- messages, between the user host and the Service Agent (network
- address zero). Setup operations include reserving, allocating,
- modifying, freeing, and deallocating resources. The Service Agent
- causes the requested action to be carried out and serves as the
- intermediary between the user and the rest of the network. In the
- process of implementing the requested action, various network data
- bases are updated to reflect the current state of the referenced
- resource. The Service Agent also permits a host to inquire about
- resources it owns using Information Request and Information Reply
- messages.
-
- A setup interaction initiated by a host involves a 3-way exchange
- where: (1) the requesting host sends a Setup Request to the Service
- Agent, (2) the Service Agent returns a Setup Reply to the requesting
- host, and (3) the requesting host returns a Setup Acknowledgment to
- the Service Agent. This procedure is used to ensure reliable
- transmission of Setup Requests and Replies. In order to allow more
- than one Setup Request message from a host to be outstanding, each
- Request is assigned a unique Request ID. The associated Reply and
- subsequent Acknowledgment are identified by the Request ID that they
- contain. The requesting host should receive a reply to a setup
- request within 3 seconds. The actual delay will depend on the nature
- of the request and the topology of the network. For simple networks,
- the delay will often be less than one second. The requesting host
- should respond to a Reply with a Setup Acknowledgment within one
- second.
-
- Setup exchanges initiated by the Service Agent involve a two-way
- exchange where: (1) the Service Agent sends a Notification to
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 17]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- affected hosts, and (2) the hosts return a Setup Acknowledgment to
- the Service Agent. Notifications are used to inform a host of
- changes in the status of a network resource. In order to allow more
- than one Notification to be outstanding, each is assigned a unique
- Notification ID. The Setup Acknowledgment returned by the notified
- host to the Service Agent must contain the Notification ID. The host
- should respond within one second.
-
- An information query is initiated by a host and involves a two-way
- exchange where: (1) the host sends an Information Request message to
- the Service Agent, and (2) the Service Agent sends back an
- Information Reply. There is no acknowledgment mechanism, since this
- request does not change any resource allocation. Furthermore, if
- there is an error in the request, only one response will be sent by
- the WPS, and the WPS will make no effort to check for or retransmit
- lost responses. It is the responsibility of the host to wait a
- certain amount of time and then determine that an unanswered
- information request has been lost and to resend it. (The time
- necessary to answer such a request is usually much less than one
- second.) The WPS will return the message ID of the information
- request in the information reply message.
-
- The general format of all Service Agent messages is:
-
- <DATAGRAM MESSAGE HEADER>
- <SERVICE AGENT HEADER>
- <MESSAGE BODY>
-
- The Protocol ID field in the datagram message header must be
- HAP_PROTO_SETUP (1) (see Appendix C) for messages sent to the Service
- Agent and will be HAP_PROTO_SETUP in messages received from the
- Service Agent. The Service Agent does not recognize or support use
- of other higher level protocols (e.g., IP), in setup messages, and
- will discard messages containing such headers.
-
- Illustrations of message formats below show only the Service Agent
- Header header and message body and do not include the datagram
- message header. As a reminder that the datagram header is not
- included, word offsets are prefixed with an "S".
-
- The format of the Service Agent Header is illustrated in Figure 6.
- The body of the message will depend on the particular message type.
- Stream Request and Reply messages are described in Section 6.1.
- Group Request and Reply messages are described in Section 6.2. The
- format of Notifications is described in Section 6.3, and Setup
- Acknowledgments are described in Section 6.4. Information Request
- and Reply messages are described in Section 6.5.
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 18]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | MESSAGE TYPE | CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | MESSAGE ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- SERVICE AGENT HEADER
- Figure 6
-
-
- S0[0-7] Message Type. This field determines the type of
- message.
-
- 0 = Setup Acknowledgment
- 1 = Setup Request
- 2 = Setup Reply
- 3 = Notification
- 4 = Information Request
- 5 = Information Reply
-
- S0[8-15] Code. For Setup Requests, this field identifies the
- request type.
-
- 1 = Create group (multicast) address
- 2 = Delete group address
- 3 = Join group
- 4 = Leave group
- 5 = Create stream
- 6 = Delete stream
- 7 = Change stream
- 8 = Create shared stream
- 9 = Delete all streams owned by this host
- 10 = Add member to group
- 11 = Remove member from group
-
- For Setup Replies, this field provides the Reply Code.
- Some of the Reply Codes can be returned to any setup
- request and others are request specific.
-
- 0 = Group or stream created
- 1 = Group or stream deleted
- 2 = Host added to group
- 3 = Host deleted from group
- 4 = Stream changed
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 19]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 5 = (Reserved)
- 6 = Request type invalid or unsupported
- 7 = (Reserved)
- 8 = Network trouble
- 9 = Bad group key
- 10 = Group address/stream ID nonexistent
- 11 = Not member of group/not creator of stream
- 12 = Stream precedence not being accepted
- 13 = (Reserved)
- 14 = (Reserved)
- 15 = (Reserved)
- 16 = Unable to add all the new hosts
- 17 = Insufficient network resources
- 18 = Requested bandwidth too large
- 19 = (Reserved)
- 20 = (Reserved)
- 21 = Maximum messages per interval too small
- 22 = Reply lost in network
- 23 = Illegal priority or precedence value
- 24 = Invalid address provided
-
- For Notifications, this field contains the Notification
- Type. (See Section 6.3.)
-
- For Setup Acknowledgments, this field contains the
- Acknowledgment Type. (See Section 6.4.)
-
- For Information Requests, this field contains the
- request type. (See Section 6.5.)
-
- For Information Replies, this field contains the reply
- type. (See Section 6.5.)
-
- S1[0-15] Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of the
- 2's-complement sum of the words in the Service Agent
- Header (excluding the checksum word itself) and the
- message body. Messages received with bad checksums
- must be discarded.
-
- S2[0-15] Message ID. This field is assigned by the host to
- uniquely identify outstanding requests (Request ID) and
- by the Service Agent to uniquely identify outstanding
- notifications (Notification ID).
-
- 6.1. Stream Setup Messages
-
- Streams provide a means of reserving network resources for the
- delivery of traffic at a specified maximum throughput to a specified
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 20]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- list of recipients. Traffic sent via a stream has priority over all
- non-stream traffic, and is delivered with the minimum end-to-end
- delay possible. Hosts use streams to support applications that have
- predictable traffic loads (such as packet voice or video or other
- continuous media traffic) or that require minimum transmission delay
- and lowest delay variance. Streams are typically used for traffic
- flows of moderate to long duration, where the cost of performing a
- stream Setup is acceptable.
-
- Streams must be set up before stream data messages can flow. The
- stream setup messages, each of which has a Request and a Reply, are
- Create Stream, Delete Stream, Change Stream, and Delete All Streams.
- (Create Shared Stream Request is a planned future addition to the
- protocol.) The use of these messages is illustrated in the scenario
- of exchanges between a host and the Service Agent shown in Figure 7
- where the host establishes a stream, sends some data, modifies the
- stream characteristics, sends some more data, and finally closes down
- the stream. Not illustrated, but implicit in this scenario, are the
- optional A/R indications associated with each of the stream Setup
- messages.
-
-
- Service Other
- Host Agent hosts
-
- Create Stream Request ---------->
- Create Stream Reply <----------
- Reply Acknowledgment ---------->
- Stream Messages --------------------->
- : :
- Change Stream Request ---------->
- Change Stream Reply <----------
- Reply Acknowledgment ---------->
- Stream Messages --------------------->
- : :
- Delete Stream Request ---------->
- Delete Stream Reply <----------
- Reply Acknowledgment ---------->
-
- STREAM EXAMPLE
- Figure 7
-
- Streams have eight characteristic properties which are selected at
- stream setup time. These properties are: (1) data words per time
- interval, (2) time interval, (3) reliability, (4) reliability length,
- (5) precedence, (6) maximum messages per interval, (7) the list of
- recipients, and (8) the set of other streams with which this stream
- shares resources. To establish a stream, the host sends the Create
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 21]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- Stream Request message (Figure 8) to the Service Agent. After the
- network has processed the Create Stream Request, the Service Agent
- will reply with a Create Stream Reply message (Figure 9). If the
- reply code in the Create Stream Reply indicates that the stream has
- been created successfully, the host may proceed to transmit stream
- data messages after sending a Reply Acknowledgment.
-
- During the lifetime of a stream, the host which created it may decide
- that some of its characteristic properties should be modified. All
- but one of the properties can be modified using the Change Stream
- Request message (Figure 10). The one property that cannot be changed
- is whether or not the stream is willing to share its resources with
- other streams. After the network has processed the Change Stream
- Request, the Service Agent will respond by sending a Change Stream
- Reply (Figure 11) to the host. A host requesting a reduced channel
- allocation should decrease its sending rate immediately without
- waiting for receipt of the Change Stream Reply. A host requesting an
- increased allocation should not proceed to transmit according to the
- new set of parameters without first having received a Reply Code
- indicating that the requested change has taken effect.
-
- When the host no longer needs the stream it created, it should first
- stop sending traffic via the stream and then send the Service Agent a
- Delete Stream Request message (Figure 12). After the network has
- processed the Delete Stream Request, the Service Agent will respond
- by sending a Delete Stream Reply (Figure 13) to the host.
-
- If the host has crashed or restarted, it may no longer know what
- streams it owns. The host may use an Information Request (see
- Section 6.5) to determine what streams it owns, or the host may use a
- Delete All Streams Request (Figure 14) to discard whatever stream
- resources it may own. The format for the Delete All Streams Reply is
- shown in Figure 15.
-
- Note that streams, like all other resources allocated by the Service
- Agent, may be reclaimed by the network if unused. Currently, if no
- traffic is sent to a stream in a 6 minute interval, and if the owner
- of the steam is down or unreachable, the stream may be deleted.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 22]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 5 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | MAX MES | PRE | INT | RLY | RLEN |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | DATA WORDS PER INTERVAL |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S5 | INTERVAL |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S6 | 0 | ADDRESS LIST LENGTH |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- S7-SN : DESTINATION ADDRESS LIST :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- CREATE STREAM REQUEST
- Figure 8
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 5 (Create Stream).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-3] Maximum Messages Per Interval (1-15). This field
- specifies the maximum number of stream messages the
- host will deliver to the WPS in any single stream
- interval.
-
- S3[4-5] Precedence. This field specifies the precedence of the
- stream. When there are insufficient network resources
- to support all the requested streams, requests for
- higher precedence streams will preempt existing lower
- precedence streams, and requests for streams with
- insufficient precedence will be rejected. Medium
- precedence is recommended as the default choice.
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 23]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 = Low Precedence
- 1 = Medium Precedence
- 2 = High Precedence
-
- S3[6-7] Interval. This field specifies the interval, in
- multiples of 21.22 milliseconds. (For backward
- compatibility only. New applications should use 3.
- Use of this field to specify an interval is being
- phased out.)
-
- 0 = 21.22 milliseconds
- 1 = 42.44 milliseconds
- 2 = 84.88 milliseconds
- 3 = use interval in word S5
-
- S3[8-9] Reliability. This field specifies the basic bit-error
- rate requirement for the data portion of all messages
- in the stream. The exact error rate obtained by each
- choice is not specified.
-
- 0 = Low Reliability
- 1 = Medium-Low Reliability
- 2 = Medium-High Reliability
- 3 = High Reliability
-
- S3[10-15] Reliability Length. This field specifies how many
- words beyond the stream message header should be
- transmitted at maximum reliability for all messages in
- the host stream.
-
- S4[0-15] Data words per interval. This field specifies the
- maximum number of 16-bit words of this stream's data
- the network will need to carry during each interval,
- not counting HAP stream message header words. The
- stream data may be carried in however many messages (up
- to MAX MES) in each interval the host chooses.
-
- S5[0-15] Interval (125 microsecond units). This field specifies
- the time interval over which the <data words per
- interval> data in <max mes> messages will be sent. For
- backward compatibility, an interval of 0 selects an
- interval of 169.76 milliseconds. This field is ignored
- unless the INT field is 3.
-
- S6[0-7] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- S6[8-15] Destination address list length. This field specifies
- the number of entries in the Destination Address List
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 24]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- field. Allowed values are 1-8.
-
- S7-SN Destination address list. This list must specify, at
- least indirectly, all the intended recipients of this
- stream's traffic. At least one destination address
- must be supplied. Any valid network address,
- specifically including group addresses, may be used
- (except the Service Agent's address, 0). Messages sent
- in the stream are not limited to using the HAP
- addresses listed. E.g., if the list consists of only
- group address G, and host A is a member of G, a stream
- message may be sent to A, which was not in the list.
-
- Caution: Group membership is only evaluated at setup time. Changes
- in group membership do not cause the stream to be modified.
-
- Caution: Stream creation involves allocation of specific network
- resources along specific routes for delivery of that traffic. A
- stream message sent to hosts other than those specified via Setup
- will probably be undeliverable. A stream message to a group address
- that has gained new members since the stream's last Setup may be
- undeliverable to the new members.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | 0 | STREAM ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | 0 | ADDRESS LIST LENGTH |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- S5-SN : ADDRESS LIST :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- CREATE STREAM REPLY
- Figure 9
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 25]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code. Any reply other than "Stream created"
- means the stream was not created.
-
- 0 = Stream created
- 8 = Network trouble
- 12 = Stream precedence not being accepted
- 17 = Insufficient network resources
- 18 = Requested bandwidth too large
- 21 = Max. messages per interval too small
- 22 = Reply lost in network
- 23 = Illegal precedence value
- 24 = Invalid destination address in list
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-5] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- S3[6-15] Stream ID. This field contains a stream ID assigned by
- the network. It must be included in all stream data
- messages sent by the host to allow the WPS to associate
- the message with stored stream characteristics and the
- resources reserved for that stream's traffic.
-
- S4[0-5] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- S4[6-15] Address list length. The number of entries in the
- Address List field.
-
- S5-SN Address list. This contains the destination addresses
- from the Create Stream Request that were invalid or
- unreachable. Unreachable destinations are listed as a
- group if every member of the group was unreachable, or
- individually otherwise; i.e., group addresses are
- expanded and the unreachable members are included in
- the list. The list of unreachable destinations will be
- truncated, if needed, to limit this Reply to a single,
- maximum length HAP message.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 26]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 7 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | 0 | STREAM ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | MAX MES | PRE | INT | RLY | RLEN |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S5 | DATA WORDS PER INTERVAL |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S6 | INTERVAL |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S7 | 0 | ADDRESS LIST LENGTH |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- S8-SN : DESTINATION ADDRESS LIST :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- CHANGE STREAM REQUEST
- Figure 10
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 7 (Change Stream).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-5] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- S3[6-15] Stream ID.
-
- S4[0-3] New Maximum Messages Per Interval.
-
- S4[4-5] New Precedence.
-
- S4[6-7] New Interval selection.
-
- S4[8-9] New Reliability.
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 27]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S4[10-15] New Reliability Length.
-
- S5[0-15] New Data Words Per Interval.
-
- S6[0-15] New Interval (ignored unless INT = 3).
-
- S7[0-7] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- S7[8-15] Destination Address List length. This field specifies
- the number of entries in the new Destination Address
- List. Allowed values are 0-8. Use zero (indicating no
- addresses in the list) to avoid changing the list of
- recipient hosts.
-
- S8-SN New Destination Address List. The new, complete, list
- of recipient hosts. Membership of group addresses is
- evaluated at setup execution time. Subsequent changes
- in group membership do not cause the stream to be
- modified. Note that using the same destination address
- list in the Change Stream Request as was used in the
- Create Stream Request can result in a change in the
- list of recipient hosts if membership in a group has
- changed.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | 0 | ADDRESS LIST LENGTH |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- S4-SN : ADDRESS LIST :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- CHANGE STREAM REPLY
- Figure 11
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 28]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code. The number in parentheses indicates the
- processing phase at the time of the error (see Caution
- below). Phase zero and phase one errors leave the
- stream unchanged; errors from later phases may leave
- the stream partially modified.
-
- 4 = Stream changed
- 8 = (1) Network trouble
- 10 = (0) Stream ID nonexistent
- 11 = (0) Not creator of stream
- 12 = (0) Stream precedence not being accepted
- 16 = (3) Unable to add all the new recipients
- 17 = (2) Insufficient network resources
- 18 = (2) Requested bandwidth too large
- 21 = (0) Maximum messages per interval too small
- 22 = (2) Reply lost in network
- 23 = (0) Illegal precedence value
- 24 = (0) Invalid destination address in list
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-5] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- S3[6-15] Address list length. This field specifies the number
- of addresses in the Address List.
-
- S4-SN Address list. This contains the destination addresses
- from the Change Stream Request that were invalid (phase
- 0 errors) or unreachable (phase 3 errors). Unreachable
- destinations are listed as a group if every member of
- the group was unreachable, or individually otherwise;
- i.e., group addresses are expanded and the unreachable
- members are included in the list. The list of
- unreachable destinations will be truncated, if needed,
- to limit this Reply to a single, maximum length HAP
- message.
-
- Caution: The Change Stream Reply will indicate failure if any
- aspect of the requested changes did not occur. However, the
- stream may have been partially modified. Processing is performed
- in the following phases:
- 0: check for invalid requests;
- 1: drop former recipients that are not in the latest list;
- 2: increase or decrease the stream's bandwidth allocation
- (decreases are normally successful); then
- 3: extend the stream to any new recipients.
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 29]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- If phase 2 fails, phase 3 is not performed, the Reply Code will
- indicate an error and the stream parameters will be unchanged.
- If phase 3 fails, the Address List will contain the destinations,
- if any, from the latest list that the stream does not reach.
- Phase 1 only fails if the stream has been suspended (see
- Notifications) or the WPS is experiencing network connectivity
- problems.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 6 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | 0 | STREAM ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- DELETE STREAM REQUEST
- Figure 12
-
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 6 (Delete Stream).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-5] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- S3[6-15] Stream ID.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 30]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- DELETE STREAM REPLY
- Figure 13
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code. If the request was valid, the Service
- Agent will have marked the stream for deletion even if
- the stream resources have not actually been deleted
- yet.
-
- 1 = Stream deleted
- 10 = Stream ID nonexistent
- 11 = Not creator of stream
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 9 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- DELETE ALL STREAMS REQUEST
- Figure 14
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 9 (Delete All Streams).
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 31]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- DELETE ALL STREAMS REPLY
- Figure 15
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code. The Service Agent will have marked all of
- the host's streams for deletion, even if the stream
- resources have not actually been deleted yet.
-
- 1 = Streams deleted
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- 6.2. Group Setup Messages
-
- Group (multicast) addressing allows a host to send the same message
- to N different hosts without having to send N copies of the message.
- The network duplicates the message as required. In addition to
- reducing the burden on the originating host, multicasting reduces the
- load on the network because the network no longer has to carry the
- duplicates along the common portions of the paths between the source
- and destinations. Multicasting is particularly recommended for
- multi-site conferencing and distributed simulations.
-
- Group addresses are dynamically created and deleted via setup
- messages exchanged between the hosts and the Service Agent.
- Membership in a group may be any arbitrary subset of the network
- hosts. A datagram message or stream message addressed to a group is
- delivered to all hosts that are members of that group (exception:
- stream messages sent to a group address that includes hosts the
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 32]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- stream was not set up to reach). The group setup messages, each of
- which has a Request and a Reply, are Create Group, Delete Group, Join
- Group, Leave Group, Add Group Member, and Remove Group Member.
-
- Figure 16 shows a typical use of group setup messages. The figure
- illustrates a scenario of exchanges between three hosts and the
- Service Agent. In the scenario one host, Host A, creates a group
- which is joined by hosts B and C. The hosts then exchange some data
- messages using the group address. Note that multicast messages are
- not returned to their originator. Hosts A and C then leave the
- group, and Host B decides to delete the group. As in the scenario in
- Section 6.1, A/R indications have been omitted for clarity.
-
- Part of the group creation procedure involves the Service Agent
- returning to the creating host a 48-bit key along with the 16-bit
- group address. The creating host must pass the key along with the
- group address to other hosts that want to join the group. These
- other hosts must supply the key along with the group address in their
- Join Group Requests. The key is used by the network to authenticate
- these operations and thereby minimize the probability that unwanted
- hosts will deliberately or inadvertently become members of the group.
- The procedure used by a host to distribute the group address and key
- is not within the scope of HAP.
-
- In the figure below, the network Service Agent is pictured as a
- single entity for simplicity.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 33]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- Service Host Host Host
- Agent A B C
-
- Create Group Request |<-------|
- Create Group Reply |------->|
- Reply Acknowledgment |<-------|
- : :
- Distribute Group Adr & Key |---->|
- Distribute Group Adr & Key |---------->|
- : :
- Join Group Request (C) |<-------------------|
- Join Group Reply |------------------->|
- Reply Acknowledgment |<-------------------|
- Join Group Request (B) |<-------------|
- Join Group Reply |------------->|
- Reply Acknowledgment |<-------------|
- : :
- Data Message 1 (A to B and C) |---->|---->|
- Data Message 2 (B to A and C) |<----|---->|
- Data Message 3 (C to A and B) |<----|<----|
- : :
- Leave Group Request (C) |<-------------------|
- Leave Group Reply |------------------->|
- Reply Acknowledgment |<-------------------|
- Leave Group Request (A) |<-------|
- Leave Group Reply |------->|
- Reply Acknowledgment |<-------|
- Delete Group Request |<-------------|
- Delete Group Reply |------------->|
- Reply Acknowledgment |<-------------|
-
- GROUP EXAMPLE
- Figure 16
-
- An alternative method of adding and removing group members is the use
- of Add Group Member and Remove Group Member. These setup requests
- allow hosts that are already members of the group to add or delete
- other hosts.
-
- The Setup requests Join Group, Leave Group, Add Group Member, Remove
- Group Member, and Delete Group are authenticated using the 48-bit
- key. Leave Group and Remove Group Member will remove a host from the
- group membership list but will not alter the existence of the group.
- Delete Group expunges all knowledge of the group from the network.
- HAP permits any host with the proper key to delete the group at any
- time. Thus, group addresses can be deleted even if the host which
- originally created the group has left the group or has crashed.
- Moreover, groups may exist for which there are currently no members
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 34]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- because each member has executed a Leave while none has executed a
- Delete. It is the responsibility of the hosts to coordinate and
- manage the use of group addresses.
-
- Note that group addresses, like all other resources allocated by the
- network, may be reclaimed by the network if unused for too long.
- Currently, if no traffic is sent to the group address in a 6 minute
- interval, the network may delete the group and notify all members
- that the group no longer exists.
-
- The Create Group Request (Figure 17) is used to establish a multicast
- address. After the network has processed the Create Group Request,
- the Service Agent will respond by sending a Create Group Reply
- (Figure 18) to the host.
-
- A host may become a member of a group, once it knows the group
- address and the 48-bit key, by sending the Service Agent the Join
- Group Request message (Figure 19). The Service Agent will respond to
- the Join Group Request with a Join Group Reply (Figure 20). The host
- which creates a group automatically becomes a member of that group
- without any need for an explicit Join Group Request.
-
- A member host may add another host to the group by sending the
- Service Agent the Add Group Member Request message (Figure 21). The
- Service Agent will respond with an Add Group Member Reply (Figure
- 22).
-
- At any time after becoming a member of a group, a host may choose to
- drop out of the group. To do this, the host sends the Service Agent
- a Leave Group Request (Figure 23). The Service Agent will respond
- with a Leave Group Reply (Figure 24).
-
- One member host may expel another member of the group by sending the
- Service Agent the Remove Group Member Request message (Figure 25).
- The Service Agent will respond with a Remove Group Member Reply
- (Figure 26).
-
- A host can delete an existing group via a Delete Group Request
- (Figure 27). The Service Agent will respond with a Delete Group
- Reply (Figure 28). The Service Agent will also send the other
- members of the group, if any, a notification that the group has been
- deleted (see Section 6.3).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 35]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 1 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- CREATE GROUP REQUEST
- Figure 17
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 1 (Create Group).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | GROUP ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S5 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S6 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- CREATE GROUP REPLY
- Figure 18
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 36]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code.
-
- 0 = Group created
- 8 = Network trouble
- 17 = Insufficient network resources
- 22 = Reply lost in network
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-15] Group Address. This field contains the 16-bit
- multicast address that any group member may use to
- reach the other group members. Multicast addresses are
- dynamically assigned by the network.
-
- S4-S6 Key. This field contains a 48-bit key assigned by the
- network which is associated with the group address. It
- must be provided for subsequent Join Group, Leave
- Group, Add Group Member, Remove Group Member, and
- Delete Group requests which reference the group
- address.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 3 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | GROUP ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S5 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S6 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S7 | 0 | MGP |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- JOIN GROUP REQUEST
- Figure 19
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 37]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 3 (Join Group).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-15] Group Address. This is the group that the host wishes
- to join. Upon successfully joining the group, the host
- may send messages to the group and will receive
- messages sent to the group when those messages have a
- priority of MGP or higher.
-
- S4-S6 Key. This is the key associated with the group
- address.
-
- S7[0-13] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- S7[14-15] Minimum group message priority. The host will not
- receive messages sent to the group that have a message
- priority less than MGP. Send another Join Group
- Request message to change the minimum priority.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- JOIN GROUP REPLY
- Figure 20
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code.
-
- 2 = Host added to group
- 9 = Bad key
- 10 = Group address nonexistent
- 17 = Insufficient network resources
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 38]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 10 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | GROUP ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S5 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S6 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S7 | HOST ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- ADD GROUP MEMBER REQUEST
- Figure 21
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 3 (Join Group).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-15] Group Address. This is the group the host will join.
- Upon successfully joining the group, the host may send
- messages to the group and will receive messages sent to
- the group by other hosts (the initial minimum priority
- will be 0).
-
- S4-S6 Key. This is the key associated with the group
- address.
-
- S7[0-15] Host address. The network address of the host to add
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 39]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- to the group.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- ADD GROUP MEMBER REPLY
- Figure 22
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code.
-
- 2 = Host added to group (or was already a member)
- 9 = Bad key
- 10 = Group address nonexistent
- 11 = Requestor is not a member of the group
- 17 = Insufficient network resources
- 22 = Reply lost in network
- 24 = Host address was invalid
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 40]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 4 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | GROUP ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S5 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S6 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- LEAVE GROUP REQUEST
- Figure 23
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 4 (Leave Group).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-15] Group Address. This is the group that the host wishes
- to cease being a member of. After leaving the group,
- the host will cease receiving messages sent to the
- group and will be unable to send to the group.
-
- S4-S6 Key. This is the key associated with the group
- address.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 41]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- LEAVE GROUP REPLY
- Figure 24
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code.
-
- 3 = Host deleted from group
- 9 = Bad key
- 10 = Invalid group address
- 11 = Not member of group
- 17 = Insufficient network resources
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 42]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 11 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | GROUP ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S5 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S6 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S7 | HOST ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- REMOVE GROUP MEMBER REQUEST
- Figure 25
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 4 (Leave Group).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-15] Group Address. This is the group from which the host
- should be removed. After leaving the group, that host
- will cease receiving messages sent to the group and
- will be unable to send to the group.
-
- S4-S6 Key. This is the key associated with the group
- address.
-
- S7[0-15] Host address. The network address of the host to
- remove from the group.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 43]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- REMOVE GROUP MEMBER REPLY
- Figure 26
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code.
-
- 3 = Host deleted from group (or was not a member)
- 9 = Bad key
- 10 = Invalid group address
- 11 = Requestor is not a member of the group
- 17 = Insufficient network resources
- 22 = Reply lost in network
- 24 = Host address was invalid
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 44]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 1 | 2 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | GROUP ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S4 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S5 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S6 | KEY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- DELETE GROUP REQUEST
- Figure 27
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 1 (Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Request Type = 2 (Delete Group).
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
- S3[0-15] Group Address. This is the multicast address to
- delete. If the group is deleted, the other remaining
- members of the group, if any, will be notified of the
- group's deletion.
-
- S4-S6 Key.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 45]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 2 | REPLY CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | SETUP CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | REQUEST ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- DELETE GROUP REPLY
- Figure 28
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Setup Type = 2 (Reply).
-
- S0[8-15] Reply Code.
-
- 1 = Group deleted
- 8 = Network trouble
- 9 = Bad key
- 10 = Invalid group address
- 17 = Insufficient network resources
- 22 = Reply lost in network
-
- S1[0-15] Setup Checksum. (See setup header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Request ID.
-
-
- 6.3. Notifications
-
- Notifications are Setup exchanges initiated by the WPS to inform a
- host of changes in the status of a network resource. The format of
- Notification messages is shown in Figure 29.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 46]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 3 | CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | NOTIFICATION ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | NOTIFICATION INFO |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- NOTIFICATION MESSAGE
- Figure 29
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Message Type = 3 (Notification).
-
- S0[8-15] Code. This indicates what the Notification signifies.
-
- 0 = Stream suspended
- 1 = Stream resumed
- 2 = Stream deleted
- 3 = Group deleted by a host
- 4 = Group deleted by network
- 5 = All streams deleted
- 6 = All groups deleted
- 7 = Group changed by a host
- 8 = Group changed by network
-
- S1[0-15] Checksum. (See Service Agent Header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Notification ID.
-
- S3[0-15] Notification Information.
-
- For notification types 0, 1, and 2, NOTIFICATION INFO
- contains the following:
-
-
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | 0 | stream ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
- For notification types 3, 4, 7, and 8, NOTIFICATION
- INFO contains the following:
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 47]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | group address |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
- For notification types 5 and 6, which refer to all
- streams or groups, NOTIFICATION INFO is zero.
-
-
- 6.4. Setup Acknowledgments
-
- The host must acknowledge receipt of Setup Replies and Notifications
- from the Service Agent, as described earlier. The format for the
- Setup Acknowledgment message is shown in Figure 30.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 0 | CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | MESSAGE ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- SETUP ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- Figure 30
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Message Type = 0 (Acknowledgment).
-
- S0[8-15] Code. This field indicates the type of acknowledgment.
-
- 0 = Reply acknowledgment
- 1 = Notification acknowledgment
-
- S1[0-15] Checksum. (See Service Agent Header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Message ID. This is either a Request ID or a
- Notification ID.
-
- 6.5. Information Request / Reply Messages
-
- The host may obtain information about WPS state and about what
- resources the WPS currently has allocated for the host by sending an
- Information Request message to the Service Agent. The Information
- Reply that is returned will enable the host to determine 1) what
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 48]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- resources the WPS has allocated to the host, and 2) the current state
- of the network and, possibly, certain network parameters. This
- allows the host to refrain from trying to use resources it no longer
- has, and to regain information it may have lost on its network
- resources. This communication also informs the host of the network
- state so that it may make priority and routing decisions.
-
- Each Information Request (Figure 31) and Information Reply (Figure
- 32) message deals with a single type of resource at a time. The
- header of the Information Reply message contains the number of
- entries within the message, the number of 16-bit words in each entry,
- and an instance of the appropriate information structure for each
- resource the Information Reply message describes. These information
- structures are described in Figures 33 and 34.
-
- Future versions of the HAP protocol may permit queries about network
- connectivity, estimated delay to a specified destination address
- under specified conditions, etc. This is a section of the protocol
- that is likely to expand in the future. Extensions are expected to
- be backward compatible provided implementors do not hard code the
- size of the returned information entries.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 4 | CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | MESSAGE ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- INFORMATION REQUEST MESSAGE
- Figure 31
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Message type = 4 (Information Request).
-
- S0[8-15] Code. This field identifies the Information Request
- Type.
-
- 1 = streams owned by host
- 2 = groups to which the host belongs
-
- S1[0-15] Checksum. (See Service Agent Header description.)
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 49]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S2[0-15] Message ID. This field is assigned by the host to
- uniquely identify outstanding requests (Request ID).
- This ID is copied into Information Replies by the
- Service Agent.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S0 | 5 | CODE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S1 | CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S2 | MESSAGE ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- S3 | NUMBER OF ENTRIES | WORDS PER ENTRY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- S4-SN : ENTRIES (0 or more) :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- INFORMATION REPLY MESSAGE
- Figure 32
-
-
-
- S0[0-7] Message type = 5 (Information Reply).
-
- S0[8-15] Code. This field identifies the Information Reply
- Type.
-
- 1 = streams owned by host
- 2 = groups to which the host belongs
- 3 = error in Information Request message
- 4 = network trouble
- 5 = access not allowed
-
- S1[0-15] Checksum. (See Service Agent Header description.)
-
- S2[0-15] Message ID. This field is assigned by the host in the
- Information Request message to uniquely identify
- outstanding requests. This ID is copied into the
- Information Reply message by the Service Agent.
-
- S3[0-7] Number of entries included in the Information Reply
- message.
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 50]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- S3[8-15] Number of 16-bit words per entry.
-
- S4-SN Zero or more instances of either the stream information
- or group information structure.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 0 | STREAM ID |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | STREAM TYPE OF SERVICE WORD |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | STREAM SIZE (bits per interval) |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 3 | STREAM INTERVAL (in units of 0.125 ms.) |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- STREAM INFORMATION
- Figure 33
-
-
-
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | GROUP ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | 0 | MGP |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- GROUP INFORMATION
- Figure 34
-
-
- 7. Host Access Link Monitoring
-
- While the access link is operating, statistics on traffic load and
- error rate are maintained by the host and WPS. Once a second, the
- host and WPS exchange this information via Status messages (Figure
- 35). This periodic exchange of Status messages permits both ends of
- the link to monitor flows in both directions. The WPS also reports
- these monitoring statistics to the Network Operations Center (NOC).
- If either host or WPS fails to receive Status messages for ten
- seconds, the link will be restarted (see Section 8).
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 51]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- The link restart procedure initializes all internal WPS counts and
- statistics for that link to zero. As data and control messages are
- processed, counts are updated to reflect the total number of messages
- sent, messages received correctly, and messages received with
- different classes of errors since the last link restart. Whenever a
- Status message arrives, a snapshot is taken of the local WPS counts.
- The local receive counts, in conjunction with a sent count contained
- in the received Status message, permits the computation of traffic
- statistics in the one second update interval assuming that the set of
- counts at the time of the previous monitoring report have been saved.
- By including in the Status message sent (in the opposite direction)
- the receive counts and the received sent count that was used with
- them, the transmitting end of the access link as well as the
- receiving end can determine the link performance from sender to
- receiver.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 1|LB|GOPRI| 0 | 0 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | MOST RECENT A/R SENT |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 3 | STREAM CAPACITY |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 4 | TIMESTAMP |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 5 | SBU |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 6 | STU |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 7 | RNE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 8 | RWE |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 9 | BHC |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 10 | HEI |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- STATUS MESSAGE
- Figure 35
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 52]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0[0] Message Class = 1 (Control Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-3] Go-Priority.
-
- 0[4-11] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[12-15] Control Message Type = 0 (Status).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of
- the 2's-complement sum of words 0-10 (excluding the
- checksum word itself).
-
- 2[0-15] Most Recent A/R Sent. This field is a duplicate of the
- most recent acceptance/refusal word. It is included in
- the periodic Status message in case previous
- transmissions containing A/R information were lost.
-
- 3[0-15] Stream Capacity. When sent by the WPS, this field
- indicates how much stream capacity is unused, in units
- of data bits per millisecond. There is no guarantee
- that a request for a stream of this size will succeed.
- Since available capacity depends directly on a variety
- of parameters that can be selected by the user, the
- value of this field is the maximum capacity that could
- be achieved if existing streams were expanded at low
- reliability. This field is not meaningful in messages
- sent from the host to the WPS and must be set to zero.
-
- 4[0-15] Timestamp. This field indicates the time that the
- Status message was generated. When sent by a WPS, the
- time is in units of seconds since the last link
- restart. The host should also timestamp its messages
- in units of seconds.
-
- 5[0-15] Sent By Us. Count of messages sent by us since the
- last link restart (not including this one).
-
- 6[0-15] Sent To Us. Count of messages sent to us since the
- last link restart. This is the count from word 5 of
- the last Status message received.
-
- 7[0-15] Received, No Errors. This is the count of messages
- received without errors (since the last link restart)
- at the time that the last Status message was received.
-
- 8[0-15] Received With Errors. This is the count of messages
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 53]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- received with errors (since the last link restart) at
- the time the last Status message was received.
-
- 9[0-15] Bad Header Checksums. This is the count of messages
- received with bad header checksums (since the last link
- restart) at the time the last Status message was
- received.
-
- 10[0-15] Hardware Error Indication. This is the count of
- messages received with hardware CRC errors or hardware
- interface error indications (since the last link
- restart) at the time the last Status message was
- received.
-
- 8. Initialization
-
- The Host Access Protocol uses a number of state variables that must
- be initialized in order to function properly. These variables are
- associated with the send and receive message numbers used by the
- acceptance/refusal mechanism and the statistics maintained to support
- link monitoring. Link initialization should be carried out when a
- machine is initially powered up, when it does a system restart, when
- the ON state (see below) times out, when a loopback condition times
- out (see Section 9), or whenever the link transitions from non-
- operational to operational status.
-
- Initialization is accomplished by the exchange of Restart Request
- (RR) and Restart Complete (RC) messages between a host and a WPS.
- Either end (or both ends) may send an initial RR, and both ends must
- have sent and received an RC message in order to declare the link up.
- Because the RC message is a reply (to an RR or RC), receipt of an RC
- message by both ends guarantees that the physical link is operating
- in both directions. The initialization state diagram that must be
- implemented by both WPS and host is shown in Figure 36. Five states
- are identified in the state diagram:
-
- OFF Entered upon recognition of a requirement to restart.
- The interface in the Host or WPS can recognize this
- requirement itself or be forced to restart by receipt
- of an RR message from the other end while in the ON
- state.
-
- INIT Local state variables have been initialized but no RC
- messages have yet been sent or received. If receipt of
- an RR initiated the restart, or if an RR has been
- received since this restart began, send an RC
- (optional, reduces startup time). Otherwise, send an
- RR to alert the other end of the restart.
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 54]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- RR-SNT A request to reinitialize (RR) has been sent to the
- other end, but no RR or RC messages have been received.
-
- RC-SNT An RC has been sent to the other end in response to an
- RR. The interface is waiting to receive an RC.
-
- ON RC messages have been both sent and received. Local
- counters have been zeroed. Data and control messages
- can now be exchanged between the WPS and host.
-
- All states have 10-second timeouts (not illustrated) which return the
- protocol to the OFF state. The occurrence of any events other than
- those indicated in the diagram are ignored.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 55]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- .-----.
- Any Timeout or ----->| OFF |<----------------------------+
- Device Down `--+--' |
- | |
- | (When I/O Device Up) |
- V |
- .-------. |
- | INIT | |
- `---+---' |
- | |
- (Yes) V (No) |
- +---------RR Received?----------+ |
- | | |
- | Send RR |
- | | |
- | V |
- | .--------. |
- Send RC <-----+-------<--------+ RR-SNT | |
- | | (Rcv RR) `---+----' |
- | | | (Rcv RC) |
- V | | |
- .--------. | | |
- | RC-SNT +--->--+ Send RC |
- `----+---' (Rcv RR) | |
- (Rcv RC) | | |
- | | |
- +------->------+-------<--------+ |
- | |
- Initialize Status Counters |
- | |
- V |
- .-----. Rcv RR or |
- Rcv Any +----->| ON +---------------------->------+
- Other | `--+--' Fail to Rcv Status message
- +---------+ for 10 seconds
-
- HAP LINK RESTART STATE DIAGRAM
- Figure 36
-
-
- The Restart Request control message (Figure 37) is sent by either a
- host or a WPS when it wishes to restart a link. The Restart Request
- causes all the monitoring statistics reported in the Status Message
- to be reset to zero and stops all traffic on the link in both
- directions. The Restart Complete message (Figure 38) is sent in
- response to a received Restart Request or Restart Complete to
- complete link initialization. The Restart Complete carries a field
- used by the host to enable or disable the acceptance/refusal
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 56]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- mechanism for the link being restarted (see Section 5). After the
- Restart Complete is processed, traffic may flow on the link.
-
- The allocation and state of network resources (streams and groups)
- are separate from the state of the host's access link(s) to the WPS.
- The Information Request message (see Section 6.5) may be used by a
- host to determine what resources it has. If the "SL" bit is set in
- the Restart Complete message from the WPS, and if the host believes
- it has resources allocated to it, the host is strongly encouraged to
- use an Information Request to verify that it still has its resources.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 1|LB| 0 |VERSION | 0 | 3 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | HOST ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 3 | LINK NUMBER |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- RESTART REQUEST
- Figure 37
-
-
-
- 0[0] Message Type = 1 (Control Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-4] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[5-7] HAP version number. Use 1. Use of zero invokes
- backward compatibility code (see Appendix B).
-
- 0[8-11] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[12-15] Control Message Type = 3 (Restart Request).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of
- the 2's-complement sum of words 0-3 (excluding the
- checksum word itself).
-
- 2[0-15] Host Address. The WPS inserts the primary network
- address of the host. The host may insert any of its
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 57]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- network addresses in this field (hosts may have more
- than one logical address per physical port). The WPS
- will only bring up the HAP link if the host address is
- valid for the port being used.
-
- 3[0-15] Link Number. This field contains the sender's
- identification of the physical link being used. This
- information is used to identify the link when reporting
- errors to the Network Operations Center (NOC).
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 1|LB| 0 |VERSION | 0 |SL|AR| 4 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | HOST ADDRESS |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 3 | LINK NUMBER |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- RESTART COMPLETE
- Figure 38
-
-
-
- 0[0] Message Type = 1 (Control Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-4] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[5-7] HAP version number. Use 1. Use of zero invokes
- backward compatibility code (see Appendix B).
-
- 0[8-9] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[10] Service loss alert (boolean) (WPS to host only; host
- must send zero). If the WPS has any reason to believe
- that the resources allocated to the host may not match
- what the host believes is allocated, SL is set to one.
- If SL is one, a host that believes it owns any resources
- is strongly encouraged to use an Information Request to
- verify that the resources are still allocated. SL will
- be one the first time a link is brought up after a WPS
- is restarted, and may be set in other cases.
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 58]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0[11] Acceptance/Refusal Control. This bit is used by the
- host to enable or disable the acceptance/refusal
- mechanism for all traffic on the link.
-
- 0 = Disable acceptance/refusal
- 1 = Enable acceptance/refusal
-
- 0[12-15] Control Message Type = 4 (Restart Complete).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. Covers words 0-3.
-
- 2[0-15] Host Address.
-
- 3[0-15] Link Number.
-
- 9. Loopback Control
-
- The Host Access Protocol provides a Loopback Request control message
- which can be used by a WPS or a host to request the remote loopback
- of its HAP messages. Such requests are usually the result of
- operator intervention for purposes of system fault diagnosis. For
- clarity in the following discussion, the unit (WPS or host)
- requesting the remote loopback is referred to as the "transmitter"
- and the unit implementing (or rejecting) the loopback is referred to
- as the "receiver".
-
- When the host access link is remotely looped, all HAP messages will
- be returned, unmodified, over the access link by the receiver.
- (Messages that are too long to be valid HAP messages may be discarded
- instead of being returned.) The receiver will not send any of its
- own messages to the transmitter while it is implementing the loop.
- WPS-generated messages are distinguished from host-generated messages
- by means of the Loopback indicator that is in every HAP message
- header.
-
- Two types of remote loopback may be requested: loopback at the
- receiver's interface hardware and loopback at the receiver's I/O
- driver software. HAP does not specify the manner in which the
- receiver should implement these loops; additionally, some receivers
- may use interface hardware which is incapable of looping the
- transmitter's messages, only allowing the receiver to provide
- software loops. A receiver may not be able to interpret the
- transmitter's messages as it is looping them back. If such
- interpretation is possible, however, the receiver will not act on any
- of the transmitter's messages other than requests to reinitialize the
- WPS-host link (Restart Request (RR) control messages; see Section 8.)
-
- When a receiver initiates a loopback condition in response to a
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 59]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- loopback request, it makes an implicit promise to maintain the
- condition for the duration specified in the Loopback Request message.
- However, if an unanticipated condition such as a system restart
- occurs in either the transmitter or the receiver, the affected unit
- will try to reinitialize the WPS-host link by sending an RR message
- to the other unit. If the RR message is recognized by the other
- unit, a link initialization sequence can be completed. This will
- restore the link to an unlooped condition even if the specified loop
- duration has not yet expired. If a receiver cannot interpret a
- transmitter's RR messages, and in the absence of operator
- intervention at the receiver, the loop will remain in place for its
- duration.
-
- HAP does not specify the characteristics of any loopback conditions
- that may be locally implemented by a given unit. An example of such
- a condition is that obtained when a WPS commands its host interface
- to loop back its own messages. If such local loop conditions also
- cause the reflection of messages received from the remote unit, the
- remote unit will detect the condition via the HAP header Loopback
- indicator.
-
- A specific sequence must be followed for setting up a remote
- loopback. It begins after the HAP link has been initialized and a
- decision is made to request a remote loop. The transmitter then
- sends a Loopback Request message (Figure 39) to the receiver and
- waits for either (1) a 10-second timer to expire, (2) a "Can't
- implement loop" Unnumbered Response message from the receiver, or (3)
- one of its own reflected messages. If event (1) or (2) occurs the
- request has failed and the transmitter may, at its option, try again
- with a new Loopback Request message. If event (3) occurs, the remote
- loopback condition has been established. While waiting for one of
- these events, messages from the receiver are processed normally.
- Note that RR messages arriving from the receiver during this time
- will terminate the loopback request.
-
- When a receiver gets a Loopback Request message, it either implements
- the requested loop for the specified duration, or returns a "Can't
- implement loop" response without changing the state of the link. The
- latter response would be returned, for example, if a receiver is
- incapable of implementing a requested hardware loop. A receiver
- should initiate reinitialization of the link with an RR message(s)
- whenever a loopback condition times out.
-
- There is one asymmetry that is required in the above sequence to
- resolve the (unlikely) case where both WPS and host request a remote
- loopback at the same time. If a WPS receives a Loopback Request
- message from a host while it is itself waiting for an event of type
- (1)-(3), it will return a "Can't implement loop" response to the host
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 60]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- and will continue to wait. A host in the converse situation,
- however, will abort its loopback request and will instead act on the
- WPS's loopback request.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 1|LB|GOPRI| 0 | LOOP TYPE | 8 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | LOOP DURATION |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- LOOPBACK REQUEST
- Figure 39
-
-
-
- 0[0] Message Type = 1 (Control Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-3] Go-Priority.
-
- 0[4-7] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[8-11] Loop Type. This field indicates the type of loop that
- is being requested as follows:
-
- 0 = Undefined
- 1 = Loop at interface (hardware loop)
- 2 = Loop at driver (software loop)
- 3-15 = Undefined
-
- 0[12-15] Control Message Type = 8 (Loopback Request).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of
- the 2's-complement sum of words 0-2 (excluding the
- checksum word itself).
-
- 2[0-15] Loop Duration. The transmitter of a Loopback Request
- message uses this field to specify the number of
- seconds that the loop is to be maintained by the
- receiver.
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 61]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 10. Other Control Messages
-
- Before a WPS or a host voluntarily disables a WPS-host link, it
- should send at least one Link Going Down control message (Figure 40)
- over that link. HAP does not define the action(s) that should be
- taken by a WPS or a host when such a message is received; informing
- the Network Operations Center (NOC) and/or the network users of the
- impending event is a typical course of action. Note that each Link
- Going Down message only pertains to the WPS-host link that it is sent
- over; if a host and a WPS are connected by multiple links, these
- links may be selectively disabled.
-
- A No Operation (NOP) control message (Figure 41) may be sent at any
- time by a WPS or a host. A NOP message contains up to 32 words of
- arbitrary data which are undefined by HAP. NOP messages may be
- required in some cases to clear the state of the WPS-host link
- hardware.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 1|LB|GOPRI| 0 | REASON | 7 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 2 | TIME UNTIL DOWN |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 3 | DOWN DURATION |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- LINK GOING DOWN
- Figure 40
-
-
-
- 0[0] Message Type = 1 (Control Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-3] Go-Priority.
-
- 0[4-7] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[8-11] Reason. This field is used by the WPS or the host to
- indicate the reason for disabling this WPS-host link as
- follows:
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 62]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0 = Cancel previous notice, not going down
- 1 = Unspecified reason
- 2 = Scheduled PM
- 3 = Scheduled hardware work
- 4 = Scheduled software work
- 5 = Emergency restart
- 6 = Power outage
- 7 = Software breakpoint
- 8 = Hardware failure
- 9 = Not scheduled up
- 10 = Last warning: The WPS or host will disable
- the link in 10 seconds
- 11-15 = Undefined
-
- 0[12-15] Control Message Type = 7 (Link Going Down).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of
- the 2's-complement sum of words 0-3 (excluding the
- checksum word itself).
-
- 2[0-15] Time Until Down. This field specifies the amount of
- time remaining until the WPS or host disables the link
- (in minutes). An entry of zero indicates that there is
- less than a minute remaining.
-
- 3[0-15] Down Duration. This field specifies the amount of time
- that the WPS-host link will be down (in minutes). An
- entry of zero indicates that the down duration will be
- less than a minute. An entry of -1 (all bits set)
- indicates an indefinite down duration.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 0 | 1|LB| 0 | LENGTH | 6 |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- 1 | HEADER CHECKSUM |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
- | |
- 2-N : ARBITRARY DATA :
- | |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
-
-
- NO OPERATION (NOP)
- Figure 41
-
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 63]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- 0[0] Message Type = 1 (Control Message).
-
- 0[1] Loopback indicator.
-
- 0[2-6] Reserved. Must be zero.
-
- 0[7-11] Length. The number of words of arbitrary data.
-
- 0[12-15] Control Message Type = 6 (NOP).
-
- 1[0-15] Header Checksum. The checksum is the 2's-complement of
- the 2's-complement sum of words 0-N (excluding the
- checksum word itself).
-
- 2-N Arbitrary Data. Up to 32 words of data may be sent.
- The data are undefined by HAP.
-
- 11. Appendix A -- Future Extensions
-
- The extensions to HAP described below are included to provide
- additional context for the understanding of HAP's current
- capabilities, as well as suggest how HAP may be enhanced in the
- future to provide better support for multi-site conferencing. These
- capabilities are not supported by TWBNET.
-
- One change under consideration is the addition of a "conference"
- resource, which would own some number of streams and groups and
- improve the network's ability to meet the needs of video conference
- users. A single request to modify the "conference", such as to add a
- new member, would result in modifying all the streams in the
- conference to include the new member, modifying the conference's
- primary group address to add the new member, etc., in a single
- network operation. Such a capability would not only simplify
- conference resource management for hosts, but also reduce the number
- of network setup operations, permit more nearly "atomic" decisions of
- whether a particular conference modification is possible, and reduce
- the problem of recovery if modification is not possible.
-
- Another change under consideration is the addition of "shared
- streams." This capability would allow hosts to share a single
- allocation of network bandwidth (and other resources) wherever the
- streams shared a common communication path. Hosts using a shared
- stream must be willing to restrict their total transmission rate to
- the rate of the shared bandwidth. Multi-site conferences could use
- such a capability to avoid allocating full bandwidth for voice data
- for all conference members. Instead, bandwidth for, say, four active
- voices at once could be allocated and shared, and voice messages
- would only be lost when more than four people tried to talk at once.
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 64]
-
- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- The Create Shared Stream Request would use a different request code
- than Create Stream Request, and the setup message would likely
- contain at least one additional field to identify the set of shared
- streams. Change and Delete Stream requests could be used for both
- shared and non-shared streams.
-
- 12. Appendix B -- Backward compatibility
-
- The WPS will support the use of HAP version 0 by hosts until all
- hosts have upgraded to version 1. The WPS determines which HAP
- version the host is using by examining the Restart Request and/or
- Restart Complete control messages sent by the host to the WPS. If
- the host initiates a restart and thus sends both a Restart Request
- and a Restart Complete, and if the HAP version numbers in the two
- messages differ, the version number in the Restart Complete will
- prevail. The WPS will always set the version number to 1. If the
- host sends 0 in the version number field, version 0 compatiblity mode
- will be invoked.
-
- Version 0 of HAP did not contain the PROTOCOL ID field in the
- datagram and stream message headers. Instead, the IL bit in the Type
- of Service word was used to indicate the presence or absence of an
- Internet Protocol (IP) header (any version number) following the HAP
- header. This is the original description of that bit:
-
- 3[1] Internet/Local Flag. This flag is set by a source host to
- specify to a destination host whether the data portion of
- the message contains an Internet Protocol (IP) header [3].
- This field is passed transparently by the source and
- destination WPSen for traffic between network hosts. This
- field is examined by WPS Agents in order to support
- Internet operation.
-
- 0 = Internet
- 1 = Local
-
- Conversion Algorithms
-
- Link control messages (e.g., Restart Request) do not require
- conversion. Datagram and stream messages sent by or to a host
- running HAP version 0 will be converted by the WPS. Message
- conversion will probably cause the maximum throughput of hosts using
- HAP version 0 to be somewhat lower than that of hosts using HAP
- version 1.
-
- HAP version 0 used the IL bit in the HAP Type of Service word to
- indicate the presence or absence of an IP header. Version 1 uses the
- Protocol ID field. To convert host-to-WPS messages, the IL bit will
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 65]
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- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- be cleared, and the protocol ID field will be inserted, with the
- value indicated:
-
- IL was Destination Protocol ID set to:
- ------ ------------- ---------------------
- 0 any HAP_PROTO_IP (0x800)
- 1 Service Agent HAP_PROTO_SETUP (1)
- 1 other HAP_PROTO_NONE (0)
-
- To convert WPS-to-host messages, the protocol ID field will be
- deleted, and the IL bit will be set by:
- IL = (protocol_id was HAP_PROTO_IP) ? 0 : 1;
-
- HAP_PROTO_IP (see Appendix C) will be used for IP "versions" 3
- (GG protocol), 4 (IP), and 5 (ST).
-
- The datagram message header fields TTL and PRI have been swapped in
- HAP version 0 compared to version 1. The conversion code swaps the
- contents of these two fields for hosts running version 0.
-
- The stream message header field TTL in HAP version 0 was replaced by
- the PRE field in version 1. Since the only permitted value of TTL
- was 1, and it is a valid PRE value, no conversion is necessary.
-
- In HAP version 0, messages between a host and the Service Agent were
- allowed to contain Internet Protocol headers. No hosts use that
- capability, so no provision will be made to accommodate IP headers in
- Setups between hosts and the Service Agent.
-
- In version 0, the Restart Request control message contained a "reason
- for restart" field. That field was ignored in all current
- implementations and has been eliminated in version 1.
-
- Current implementations expect the WPS to insert an "incarnation
- count" in bits 5-10 of the first word of both Restart Request and
- Restart Complete messages. This functionality has been replaced by
- the "SL" bit in the Restart Complete message in version 1.
- Compatibility code will be added if needed, but it is expected that
- none will be needed.
-
- 13. Appendix C -- HAP Protocol ID Assigned Numbers
-
- This section lists the values of the PROTOCOL ID field. This part of
- the specification will be obsolete when a version of the Assigned
- Numbers RFC containing HAP protocol ID numbers is issued.
-
- HAP adopts the Ether-type numbers in the 1500-65535 range. Protocol
- IDs 256-511 identify ISO protocols. Zero indicates the absence of a
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 66]
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- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
-
-
- higher level protocol header. Other protocol IDs are reserved for
- future assignment.
-
-
- Protocol ID Indicates
- ----------- ---------
- 0 No higher level protocol
- 1 For Network Service Agent messages
- 2-255 Reserved
- 256-511 ISO protocol identifier + 256
- 512-1499 Reserved
- 1500-65535 Identical to Ether-type [10].
-
- HAP PROTOCOL ID NUMBERS
- Figure 42
-
- REFERENCES
-
- 1. Falk, G., Groff, S., Koolish, R., and W. Milliken, "PSAT
- Technical Report", BBN Technical Report No. 4469, Chapter 4, May
- 1981.
-
- 2. Rees, T., Editor, "A Host Access Protocol Specification", BBN
- Laboratories, Inc., May 1987. (A revision of RFC 907 that was
- distributed to DARPA and the WBNET user community but not
- resubmitted as an RFC.)
-
- 3. Postel, J., Editor, "Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet Program
- Protocol Specification", RFC 791, USC/Information Sciences
- Institute, September 1981.
-
- 4. Topolcic, C., Editor, "Experimental Internet Stream Protocol,
- Version 2 (ST-II)", RFC 1190, Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.,
- October 1990.
-
- 5. Edmond, W., Seo, K., Leib, M., and C. Topolcic, "The DARPA
- Wideband Network Dual Bus Protocol", Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM
- '90, pages 79-89, September 24-27, 1990.
-
- 6. "Host/SATNET Protocol", Internet Engineering Note (IEN) 192, July
- 1981.
-
- 7. Evenchik, L., McNeill, D., Bressler, R., Owen, A., Rice, Jr., R.,
- Trout, G., Pavey, C., Damer, R., Deckelman, F., and T. Hughes,
- "MATNET, An Experimental Navy Shipboard Satellite Communications
- Network", Proceedings of INFOCOM '82, pages 3-11, March 30 -
- April 1, 1982.
-
-
-
-
- Edmond [Page 67]
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- RFC 1221 HAP2 April 1991
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-
- 8. Falk, G., Groff, J., Milliken, W., Nodine, M., Blumenthal, S.,
- and W. Edmond, "Integration of Voice and Data in the Wideband
- Packet Satellite Network", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
- Communications, Vol. SAC-1, No. 6, December 1983.
-
- 9. "Interface Message Processor: Specifications for the
- Interconnection of a Host and an IMP", BBN Technical Report No.
- 1822, October 1980.
-
- 10. Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1060,
- USC/Information Sciences Institute, March 1990.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- Author's Address
-
- Winston Edmond
- Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.
- Network Technologies Department
- 10 Moulton Street
- Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
-
- Phone: (617) 873-3000
-
- EMail: wbe@bbn.com
-
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